Strategic Management and Leadership of General Motors Case Study

Key Management and Leadership of General Motors - Case Study Example GM, alongside key accomplices makes cars and trucks in thirty-four countries, and exchange and administration these vehicles through its various brands.  Its greatest national market in the United States. China, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Canada, Russia, and Germany are different countries which follow America in this unique situation.  GM’s OnStar subordinate is one of the main enterprises in vehicle wellbeing, security and data offices. On tenth July 2009, General Motors Company acquired capacities from General Motors Corporation. The General Motor Corporation set up its place in the car fabricating industry with the assembling of lavish vehicles, which are tasteful simultaneously unrivaled from the other adversary producers of cars. Because of their high image name and notoriety in the market, the cost costs of vehicles from General Motors are commonly high and in some cases inaccessible for general clients. (Worldwide Operations, n.d.; General Motors, n.d) The General Motors Corporation held the primary spot as a car producing organization as for its deals for around 77 years until; Toyota had its spot in the year 2008. The defeat of the organization from the main position is because of its carelessness as far as planning new creative vehicles. There was an absence of imaginative developments regarding structures as they just have done some slight or minor changes in the plans to fulfill the clients. Some are of the view that the destruction is because of the poor key administration of the organization. The organization confronted challenges in thinking of the interior and outside weights, similar to the availability of advances for the clients, the weight from the Government and Labor Unions, emergency of oil, other serious advances, for example, electric vehicles, and so forth. (Worldwide Operations, n.d.; General Motors, n.d) These troubles obviously recommended that the organization needs to re-plan itsâ operations.

Free Admissions Essay - Discipline and Perseverance :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

Confirmations Essay -  Discipline and Perseverance   Beating, surging strides began to surround me. The thunder of the group resounded, as I stretched out my hand to get the twirly doo that flagged my chance to run. As I firmly folded my fingers over it, I felt the breeze surge around me, and my worn out legs began to convey me quicker than I at any point envisioned conceivable. As I adjusted the last stretch of track I combat weariness by examining two ways: slow down and surrender my opportunity of winning to increase fleeting solace, or propel myself much harder and surrender passing solace to get more noteworthy rewards later. I picked the subsequent way and later held a trophy that spoke to my steadiness and difficult work. The long periods of running - reliably picking the subsequent way - have encouraged me order and constancy. These characteristics will assist me with intersection an alternate end goal and accomplish another objective: turning into a specialist.   I have needed to figure out how to spending plan my opportunity to satisfy the needs of school, preparing projects, and volunteer exercises. Despite the fact that I prepared and ran at any rate thirty miles per week all through school, I additionally filled in as an older sibling to Kelly, a manhandled youngster, and worked in an emergency clinic injury unit and as a clinical right hand in an OB/GYN facility. My most fulfilling volunteer action, notwithstanding, was partaking in mission work in Mexico City.   In Mexico City I consistently observed small kids whose enduring was overpowering. These kids had never gotten inoculations, were lice-plagued, and experienced hunger. They likewise every now and again had diseases that anti-infection agents can undoubtedly treat, however because of neediness were left untreated. For seven days our group worked hotly to see whatever number youngsters as could reasonably be expected and treat them as well as could be expected. I will always remember the sentiment of complete satisfaction in the wake of a monotonous day of utilizing my abilities for the advancement of others. The longing to duplicate this inclination fortifies my pledge to turning into a doctor.   Isaac Asimov once stated, It has been my way of thinking on life that challenges disappear when confronted strongly. Difficulties have tried my responsibility. In September 1992, toward the start of the running season I built up an extreme instance of mono. My PCPs educated me to drop out with respect to class for a semester and not run for at any rate four months.

How Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) Treats PTSD

How Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) Treats PTSD PTSD Treatment Print Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Can Help PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 05, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Westend61 / Getty Images Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is being examined as another way to help people recover from  PTSD.??  VRET is a type of  exposure therapy  that has increasingly been used to treat a variety of anxiety disorders, including specific phobias???.  Before learning how VRET treats PTSD symptoms, however, its important to have a handle on what exposure therapy is. Exposure Therapy Exposure therapy  is considered to be a  behavioral treatment for PTSD. Exposure therapy targets behaviors that people engage in (most often  avoidance) in response to situations or thoughts and memories that are viewed as frightening or anxiety-provoking.?? For example, a rape survivor may begin to avoid relationships or going out on dates for fear that she will be attacked again. If not addressed, avoidance behavior can become more extreme and interfere with a persons quality of life. Avoidance can also make  PTSD symptoms  stick around longer or even become worse. Because people with anxiety and phobias often avoid certain situations, thoughts, and emotions, they dont have the opportunity to learn that these situations may not be quite as dangerous or threatening as they seem. Avoidance also interferes with people working through their thoughts, memories, and emotions. The goal of exposure therapy then is to help reduce a persons  fear and anxiety, with the ultimate goal of eliminating avoidance behavior and increasing quality of life. This is done by actively confronting the things that a person fears most. By confronting feared situations, thoughts, and emotions, a person can learn that anxiety and fear will lessen on their own.?? Find Help With the The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Now, for exposure therapy to be effective, it is very important that people confront a situation that closely maps onto what they fear most. However, this may not always be possible for a person with PTSD.?? For example, a veteran who developed PTSD as a result of combat exposure would not be able to confront a combat situation again. It would unsafe to do so. This is where virtual reality technology comes in. Rates of PTSD in Military Veterans Using Virtual Reality for Exposure In VRET, an individual is immersed in a computer-generated virtual environment, either through the use of a head-mounted display device or entry into a computer-automated room where images are present all around.?? This environment can be programmed to help the person directly confront feared situations or locations that may not be safe to encounter in real life. There is some evidence which shows that VRET may be useful for treating several different anxiety disorders and anxiety-related problems. Some examples include claustrophobia,  fear of driving,  acrophobia  (or a fear of heights), fear of flying,  arachnophobia  (or a fear of spiders), and  social anxiety.?? In addition, a couple of studies have been done that test how useful VRET may be for PTSD. VRET for PTSD has primarily been examined in  Vietnam War combat veterans. Therefore, the virtual environment in which a person is immersed has included imagery that a soldier may come into contact with during combat, such as helicopters and jungles. These studies found that, following VRET, soldiers experienced a reduction in their PTSD symptoms. Some studies have also examined whether VRET may be effective in reducing PTSD symptoms among soldiers from the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars. Similar to what was found among Vietnam veterans, it  appears as though VRET can reduce PTSD symptoms  in such vets. Treatment Options for PTSD Finding a Therapist Who Uses VRET VRET is an expensive technology. So, not all clinicians currently use this procedure. Until VRET is more widely available, it is important to know that exposure therapy (without virtual reality) remains a very effective way of reducing PTSD symptoms, and there are many therapists who do exposure therapy.?? How to Find the Right Therapist

How Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) Treats PTSD

How Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) Treats PTSD PTSD Treatment Print Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Can Help PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 05, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Westend61 / Getty Images Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is being examined as another way to help people recover from  PTSD.??  VRET is a type of  exposure therapy  that has increasingly been used to treat a variety of anxiety disorders, including specific phobias???.  Before learning how VRET treats PTSD symptoms, however, its important to have a handle on what exposure therapy is. Exposure Therapy Exposure therapy  is considered to be a  behavioral treatment for PTSD. Exposure therapy targets behaviors that people engage in (most often  avoidance) in response to situations or thoughts and memories that are viewed as frightening or anxiety-provoking.?? For example, a rape survivor may begin to avoid relationships or going out on dates for fear that she will be attacked again. If not addressed, avoidance behavior can become more extreme and interfere with a persons quality of life. Avoidance can also make  PTSD symptoms  stick around longer or even become worse. Because people with anxiety and phobias often avoid certain situations, thoughts, and emotions, they dont have the opportunity to learn that these situations may not be quite as dangerous or threatening as they seem. Avoidance also interferes with people working through their thoughts, memories, and emotions. The goal of exposure therapy then is to help reduce a persons  fear and anxiety, with the ultimate goal of eliminating avoidance behavior and increasing quality of life. This is done by actively confronting the things that a person fears most. By confronting feared situations, thoughts, and emotions, a person can learn that anxiety and fear will lessen on their own.?? Find Help With the The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Now, for exposure therapy to be effective, it is very important that people confront a situation that closely maps onto what they fear most. However, this may not always be possible for a person with PTSD.?? For example, a veteran who developed PTSD as a result of combat exposure would not be able to confront a combat situation again. It would unsafe to do so. This is where virtual reality technology comes in. Rates of PTSD in Military Veterans Using Virtual Reality for Exposure In VRET, an individual is immersed in a computer-generated virtual environment, either through the use of a head-mounted display device or entry into a computer-automated room where images are present all around.?? This environment can be programmed to help the person directly confront feared situations or locations that may not be safe to encounter in real life. There is some evidence which shows that VRET may be useful for treating several different anxiety disorders and anxiety-related problems. Some examples include claustrophobia,  fear of driving,  acrophobia  (or a fear of heights), fear of flying,  arachnophobia  (or a fear of spiders), and  social anxiety.?? In addition, a couple of studies have been done that test how useful VRET may be for PTSD. VRET for PTSD has primarily been examined in  Vietnam War combat veterans. Therefore, the virtual environment in which a person is immersed has included imagery that a soldier may come into contact with during combat, such as helicopters and jungles. These studies found that, following VRET, soldiers experienced a reduction in their PTSD symptoms. Some studies have also examined whether VRET may be effective in reducing PTSD symptoms among soldiers from the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars. Similar to what was found among Vietnam veterans, it  appears as though VRET can reduce PTSD symptoms  in such vets. Treatment Options for PTSD Finding a Therapist Who Uses VRET VRET is an expensive technology. So, not all clinicians currently use this procedure. Until VRET is more widely available, it is important to know that exposure therapy (without virtual reality) remains a very effective way of reducing PTSD symptoms, and there are many therapists who do exposure therapy.?? How to Find the Right Therapist

Communications Plan Netflix - 1406 Words

Netflix is recovering from one of the worst self-inflicted corporate marketing gaffes in years. After years of offering an excellent value to customers purchasing its unlimited single DVD and streaming services for only $9.99 a month, Netflix unexpectedly announced that it would be completely separating its DVD service from its streaming service, causing a price increasing of 60% to $15.98 for customers who wanted to keep both services. Overnight, Netflix angered many of its very loyal customers and lost over 800,000 of its 24.6 million members due to the debacle [1]. Adding fuel to the fire, Netflix decided to actually create separate brands and separate websites for the two services, keeping the Netflix name for its streaming services†¦show more content†¦On the communication options front, Netflix should begin a social media and internet marketing campaign pushing the fact that they have the â€Å"largest streaming movie selection on the planet,† in order to sho w that they provide a better service than any of their rising competitors. They should specifically target websites like Hulu and movie review websites which offer streaming television and movie information, as they are a perfect complement to those kinds of services. They should also maintain a strong social presence to interact with their customers and ensure that their customers know Netflix is listening to them and implementing their ideas. One example of this could be letting customers vote on particular movies they want to see added to the streaming library next and focusing upon landing distribution deals for those. Netflix could also launch this â€Å"we value our customers† campaign through a series of television commercials to communicate this message out more publicly. These communication options make sense because they heavily target Netflix’s target demographic and, for many of them, their preferred methods of communication and media interaction. Beca use users of the above websites and social media outlets overlap heavily with Netflix’s target demographic, the coverage of their selected audience will be stronger than most other forms of communication (and e-mails and letters to theirShow MoreRelatedThe Oral Presentation On Netflix1316 Words   |  6 Pages Oral Presentation on Netflix Submitted by Md. Tariqul Islam D No: D40099780 HRM-587 Managing Organizational Change Submitted to Professor Shashon Miles Date: April 11, 2015 What is the Problem? Netflix Inc. is a accompany that provides internet streaming media on demand. Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph founded the company in 1997 at Scotts Valley, California, and headquarters is at Los Gatos, CA. In fact the idea of Netflix comes from Reed Hastings after fined $40 for delaying to returnRead MoreThe Impact Of Blockbuster And Netflix On The Television Industry Over The Past Decades1350 Words   |  6 PagesBlockbuster in 1985 (Kaplan 2011). Netflix re-invented the movie rental industry in 1999 becoming more personalised and less of a â€Å"linear TV experiences.†(Kaplan 2011; Netflix’s View 2015) Consumers are now able to download or stream movies via the Internet and watch on any compatible device (TV, computer, mobiles, etc.) due to these technological advancements. This essay analyses the outcomes of Blockbuster and Netflix by assessing their effectiveness to plan, organise, lead, and control (WaddellRead MoreNetflix s Position As The Top Movies Streaming S ervice Provider1658 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive summary Netflix. Inc was founded in 1997 as a DVD mail delivering Service Company that has grown to become a renowned movie and Television series streaming provider. After launching its streaming services in 2007 Netflix diversified and expanded its streaming services to Canada as of 2010 and is now a household name in more than 190 countries. The business model that the firm has implemented since its inception has proved superior to its competitors. Before venturing in the Canadian marketRead MoreNetflix : Delivering Value Through Innovation1226 Words   |  5 PagesNetflix: Delivering Value through Innovation Netflix, â€Å"the company that revolutionized watching of movies and TV shows (Netflix Media Center, n.d.)† began in 1997 with CEO Reed Hastings creating an online based DVD subscription service. It quickly became a success through its low cost, fast delivery times and proprietary queue. The company went public in 2002 and continued to expand its membership and in 2007 introduced its online streaming service. Netflix currently boasts, â€Å"over 81 million membersRead MoreNetflixs Approach to Marketing Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pagesexecutive, co-found what is known today as Netflix, â€Å"the world’s leading internet subscription service for enjoying movies and TV shows,† (Netflix, Facts). The purpose of this paper is to the process of exchange between Netflix and their customers, as well as Netflix’s approach to relationship marketing and how this marketing technique has helped Netflix leave their competitors in the dust when it comes to customer sati sfaction. From its inception, Netflix has become a business based on superiorRead MoreEssay on Netflix1023 Words   |  5 Pages(co-founded) founded Netflix in 1997. During this time, Netflix offered DVD rentals by mail. As Netflix went public in 2002, shortly a year later their subscription reached the one million mark (Netflix Management, 2011). Recently, Netflix is recognized as one of the 50 most innovative companies, ranking number eight for â€Å"streaming itself into a $9 billion powerhouse (and crushing Blockbuster)† with 20 million subscribers (fastcompany.com, 2011). This success shows how Netflix embraced a businessRead MoreBus 451 Business Strategy And Policy1623 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment # 1 on NETFLIX, Inc. Submitted to: Professor Dr. Joel Reichart School of Business Management Degree Program Subject: BUS 451 Business Strategy Policy Berkeley College Submitted By: Brittany O’Brien Date of Submission: 5 April 2016 Student Name: Brittany O’Brien Company Name: Netflix Inc. Industry: Video Tape and Disc Rental NAICS code: 532230 Market: NASDAQ Global Select Market Symbol: NFLX Revenue (Latest YR): $6,779,510,000 Company Profile: Netflix, Inc. is a U.S. basedRead MoreNetflixs Competitive Advantage And Profit Margins1099 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Shirley Pelts of Yahoo! Finance, in the United States, competition is intensifying for Netflix with companies such as Amazon Prime Instant Video, Hulu, and other media companies’ direct-to-consumer offerings, such as Time Warner’s HBO NOW. Netflix’s management is especially concerned about Time Warner’s over-the-top (or OTT) offering HBO NOW which they consider to be a â€Å"formidable global competitor.† HBO NOW is rapidly expanding around the globe to geographies including Spain, NordicRead MoreNetflix, An American Internet Media Provider, Using Porter s Five Model And The Concepts Of Value Chain1345 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant decisions involve around tactics in satisfying customer demands. This paper will examine Netflix, an American internet media provider, using Porter’s five model and the concepts of value chain. This paper also includes the analysis on how Netflix uses IT to improve daily operation and attract consumers, hence pushing the company to success. Introduction Company overview Netflix is the largest and popular online DVD rental services company in the United States. The companyRead MoreNetflix Organizational Challenge : Netflix Inc. Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesNetflix Organizational Challenge Introduction In 1997, Blockbuster Video was the dominate force in the home video rental business. Entrepreneur Reed Hastings noted there was a possibility of servicing a larger customer base in the DVD rental market by into expanding into the home rental market. Netflix Inc. made the strategic move to allow subscribed customers to receive movie to their home via the United States Postal service. With this innovative DVD delivery strategy, Netflix was able to surpass

Review Of Making And Keeping Peace - 1676 Words

Review: Making and Keeping Peace Suzanne Werner and Amy Yuen Introduction The article written by Werner and Yuen examines the durability of peace after interstate conflicts. Criticizing the reliance of the past literature only on the strength of peace agreements, they suggest two other key variables affecting peace durability: whether the ceasefire followed a consistent pattern of battle outcomes; and whether the war was â€Å"interrupted† by third-party pressure, resulting in a ceasefire. The primary assumption behind both variables is that if the agreement reflects â€Å"the belligerents’ convergent expectations about the military consequences† of continuing the war, it will be less likely to fail. Wars interrupted by third party intervention or ended without a clear winner do not reveal enough information about the prospects of continuing fighting and therefore, are more likely to resume. In this paper, the author critically analyzes this article from various perspectives. Although the article is an important contribution to the IR literature on peace, some points in the article require further clarification and research. First, some issues with the two new variables and the way they are coded are discussed. Then, some general points about the conclusions they draw from the data are presented. Variables In my opinion, some aspects of the definition of the variables they introduce are problematic or at least unclear. The battle consistency variable can take a value between 1 and 0.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Judicial Review980 Words   |  4 PagesJudicial review was enacted as a checks and balance step when concerning the government and the interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. Judicial review gives the court the power to review and change laws and government acts that violate the Constitution (Huq, n.d.). Allowing the court system this power helps prevent government officials from using the Constitution to illegally use their position in making laws and regulations in the United States. The judicial review was first used in an unusualRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Revised866 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Federalist #78, Alexander Hamilton discusses the importance of having a judiciary branch and the power of judicial review. An important consideration throughout the decision of having judiciary review was appointing the judges and deciding on the tenure in office. There was high concern about these judges being unelected and serving for life. People thought this would lead to them being more corrupt and less likely to base their decisions around what the people really want and need. ThereRead MorePierre Elliott Trudeau and How He Shaped the Canadian Identity824 Words   |  4 Pagesevery Canadian to be treated as an equal. 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Realist on the other hand believe in nuclear deterrence, and the balanceRead MorePolice Discretion Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesdifficulties in understanding police discretion, is when an officer makes a determination not to invoke the law, that decision is often not seen by anyone who would oversight over that officers decision, therefore that decision is usually not subject to review from any autho rity (Wilson, 1969). Police records are usually to incomplete to allow evaluation of non-enforcement decisions (Goldstein, 1960) Full enforcement of the law is not possible due to various reasons, a limitation of officer time, and aRead MoreThe Us Should Withdraw From The Un1200 Words   |  5 PagesSierra Susko Professor Cheney ENC 1101 – Essay #5 November 30, 2015 The US Should Withdraw From the UN â€Æ' Final Outline I. Background A. History B. Current situation II. Unfulfilled charter A. World peace 1. Bosnian massacre 2. Somalia 3. Rwanda B. Human rights 1. Membership nations 2. 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Liberalism is based on human experience and habit absorbed from society. So in same manner in this essay I will be trying to review and address liberalism and diffe rent philosophers Kant, Locke, Doyle and many more. When there is liberalism, one of the important issue that liberalism talks is international institutions and their impact on international politics and internationalRead MoreArticle Review: Terrorism and Jihad973 Words   |  4 Pages Article review: Terrorism and Jehad According to Muzaffar Assadis article, Terrorism and Jehad, contrary to the image presented in Western popular culture, the practice of holy war in Islam is not synonymous with a bloodthirsty desire for violence. This is demonstrated by the recent fatwa issued against terrorism by the Indian Islamic seminary Darul Uloom of Deoband. This school is highly respected and the significance of this proclamation should not be underestimated. Moreover, this isRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of The Movie : Forrest Gump1257 Words   |  6 Pagescollege, he attends to the military and goes to Vietnam. He plays Ping Pong in Vietnam, and he is one of the best players as well. After he discharges from the military, he opens his own business. Finally, he and Jenny get married. According to the reviews, I have read, Forrest Gump is a dearest national fortune for some people, while for others, the film is as disturbing as a single that cant be scratched. Indeed, there are some strong and weak points which the reviewers mentioned. On the one hand

Important Solutions to What Activity Would You Keep Doing Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail

Important Solutions to What Activity Would You Keep Doing Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail There are lots of facets of subject that you may write a police custom essay about. The majority of the time you aren't connected to the writing, as it's official and logic-based, and you are most likely writing about a topic you likewise don't like. To compose an interesting and argumentative essay on daily routine you'll have thoroughly inquire into the problem and select only important and appropriate info. The subject is at the crux of your essay the one that you pick will establish the results of the readers' experience. One of the most frequent mistakes people make when they first begin writing their essays is they get so involved with the story they're telling, that they almost neglect to relate its private value to them. When you discuss something interesting like that, you can be sure that people will certainly read your essay and search for more. It's possible to refer a police essay example to find a notion. If you wish to make an academic essay that's both outstanding and relevant, always set the items that we've discussed above in mind. The essay is broken up into three big pieces. An academic essay always must be relevant. Your academic essay should evoke an emotion that is needed to spark different ideas, opinions and other sorts of responses. Always keep in mind that it should be playful it must not bore your audience. Bear in mind that not every part of your participation could possibly be enjoyable. There are many advantages of physical activity aside from the obvious benefit of having a much better physical look. Long-term use of such drugs can cut back the mental capabilities of someone. As soon as your list of explanations for why you take part in this activity, choose the top three. Sum up all of the information which you have presented so that people are able to identify whether your conclusion has lived up to the content of what you've written. Based on the subject of education where you are in, you will need to make certain your readers can observe patterns of evidence presented so that they c an clearly see how you had the ability to generate and produce insights. Writing a claim will likewise be pegged on the outline where the key thoughts will come into play in addition to the absolute most substantial facets. Since writing a profile essay can look like a tedious activity to some, ensuring that you've got the most suitable info, subject and knowing the right method to write will provide you with a much easier experience. Here's What I Know About What Activity Would You Keep Doing Essay Samples Doing aerobic exercise regularly can help to keep fit and help to receive healthier way of life. Keeping up a normal cardio routine is a fantastic way to get fit and also it helps benefit you in various prolonging ways. Diet isn't the one thing which should be factored into a wholesome way of life. Both nutrition and exercise play an extremely vital part in the quantity of fat stored within the body. It's practically impossible to keep all them in mind. Daily routine i s a rather important and integral portion of our life. There might be a lot of men and women who require assistance with police essay writing. You should give a mental image of the individual or the place you're writing about. The New Angle On What Activity Would You Keep Doing Essay Samples Just Released Should you need assistance with essay writing, feel free to get in touch with our friendly support group or place an order and we'll gladly help you. There are a lot of facilities out there to assist you to stay alive and healthy. If you're struggling with writing essays and wish to boost your skills, taking a course or workshop can be exceedingly helpful. For instance, maybe you mention on your activity sheet that you've done volunteer work at a hospital, and that you have many responsibilities. What Activity Would You Keep Doing Essay Samples - the Story Besides aiding you to look great it makes it possible to feel excellent, too. Men and women have a tendency to decide on a variety of themes of who they are and attempt to describe all of them. A new experience I would love to include would be that if I move to some other city or place I'd like to find someone after possible to do physical activity with and begin making new friends once I go traveling or if I go traveling.

Love Letter free essay sample

I love you so much and you Just dont know It. Sometimes I get scared to show It. It feels Like when you come around me my mouth becomes grid-locked and all the words I want to say Just stop. My lips clutter because my love is so strong, and the words that I want to say Just wont be said. Sometimes I want to open up to you and tell you how I feel I guess I am too scared to open up and be real. I know you love me and you have hidden feelings inside too. It seems like it is easier for you to express yourself to me than it is from me to you.Jessica, I love you, and know that I will always have hidden feelings for you. I love you, Baby. Love Always, Marcus Sample #2 Darling Dana, I love you because you make me look forward to each day. We will write a custom essay sample on Love Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Youre my life, a dream come true. There are no words to express what I feel for you. There are no songs as beautiful as the music that fills my soul when I hear your voice. There are no roses as lovely as your smile. Nothing moves me like you do. There are no days brighter than the days I spend talking to you on the phone. Youre my light in the darkness. There could never be words strong enough to express my love for you.I love you with my body, soul, and mind. I love you so much Love always, Lakes Sample #3 Sweetie, I love you. I love every little thing about you. I love your cute smile, your magical eyes, and the sound of your voice. I love your gentle touch, and I love the warmth I feel when Im by your side. Complete me. You mean the world to me. You are the best thing that has ever happened to me. You are the one Ive always wished for. I never thought that I would ever meet someone as special as you. I love each and every moment I share with you. Love, Anthony Dear Sweet heart,I love you your the best I cant live without you youre the best thing that has ever happened to me you make my life complete I adore you your my ill angel you make me so happy I need you Yours Michael Honey, Your brown eyes Attractive smile Pretty you are Open to talk Always waving when you see me I want to be with you and only you Love Renamed My, cutie, Because I love you, I wont hurt you, I wont be unfaithful, and Ill be yours , if you let me, Ill give you the key to my heart, I wont let you go, in the dark, because I love you, I want to spend the rest of my life with you. .. Only Yours SeanDear Justine, Love is bittersweet like a honeysuckle.. But sharp like a knife. I comes slow and leaves quick.. Youre told youll never know what love is.. Only because its different every time.. You dont realize that it is love until its gone.. And when its gone it will come back. But only if it wouldnt change.. Love changes like seasons.. It changes because the heart beats stronger as it breaks and heals time after time.. Once broken the heart cant see love as clearly because it has the fear of being broken over again but it also longs for the tenderness that love once brought and will bring again.

Stress as an Accident Factor free essay sample

This paper looks at stress on the job, accidents that may occur as a result, and means of reducing pressures and increasing productivity. This essay examines mental and physical pressures that workers bear at work. The author discusses how on-the-job stress affects a persons capabilities and productivity, and how such pressures lend to higher incidences of accidents at work. The paper also discusses methods of reducing job-related stress and increasing productivity and safety as a result. Mental and emotional pressure can affect performance and productivity of a worker on the job. One of the biggest influences of todays worker is on-the-job stress. Job stress occurs when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker, NIOSH. This consequently affects how a person would normally deal with customer service problems, grievances, violence, conflict, and decisions on the job. Stress is an inevitable part of everyday life, and is therefore a distinct part of a persons job. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress as an Accident Factor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To properly control the outcome of stress there are certain previsions and methods that should be taken.

Essay on Graphic Design History

Essay on Graphic Design History Essay on Graphic Design History Essay on Graphic Design HistoryThe development of the graphic design in the 1960s – 1970s was vulnerable to the growing impact of the popular culture, sexual revolution, and appearance of iconic figures in music and pop culture, such as Elvis Presley. At the same time, the graphic design of the 1960s – 1970s became closer to the mass audience. One of the mainstream trends of the graphic design of that time was the emergence of celebrities and their wide involvement in the graphic design, when graphic designers used celebrities as icons that created the particular brand image and conveyed specific messages which designers wanted to convey to the audience. In this regard, the development of the graphic design contributed to the increasing role of celebrities in the cultural and social life. On the other hand, the graphic design also benefited from the wider involvement of celebrities because celebrities allowed attracting the attention of the audience to the particular pr oducts of the graphic design of that time.On analyzing the development of the graphic design of the 1960s – 1970s, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that one of the most popular celebrities of that time was Elvis Presley, who attracted not only the mass audience but also professional graphic designers, who, in their turn, used his popularity to create their own products and manifest their skills and making the graphic design a true art. In fact, Elvis Presley was one of the key figures, the icon of the 1960s – 1970s, whose contribution to the music and culture of that time can hardly be underestimated.Elvis Presley was extremely popular in his time and his creative work became particularly interesting for graphic designers, who created their own works being inspired by Elvis. At the same time, his style influenced the graphic design in a way because the public just wanted to be â€Å"like Elvis†. As a result, graphic designers used the full potential of the popularity of Elvis Presley among the audience and used his image and style to attract the target audience to their products.The huge popularity of Elvis Presley was beneficial for graphic designers, who could use his image in their products. However, such cooperation of the celebrity and graphic designers was beneficial for both parties. Elvis Presley also benefited from works of graphic designers because they made him even more popular. As they used his image in their works, Elvis Presley became the iconic figure, who was almost everywhere. In such a way, the popularity of Elvis Presley grew stronger, while companies using graphic design depicting Elvis Presley could also rip off maximum profits benefiting from effective promotion of their products.In such a way, graphic designers, who remained devoted to traditional family values, could be inspired by Elvis Presley. The theme of traditional family values was historically very popular in the US and Elvis Presley also contr ibuted to the maintenance of the ideal view on the family as the main value of the American culture (Dundy, 2004). Even though Elvis Presley divorced, his images with his family were very popular and inspiring for Americans and graphic designers used it successfully.In such a way, the image of Elvis Presley has been commercialized successfully and even today various brands use his image to promote their products and services. The enormous popularity of Elvis Presley was the result of his talent as well as media and graphic design, in a way, because his image was well-recognized and the attention of media and graphic designers to his personality made him even more popular.At the same time, the theme of sexual revolution and gender relations had had a considerable impact on the graphic design of the 1960s – 1970s.In such a way, the graphic design of the 1960s – 1970s still reserved a considerable impact of the traditional view on males and emphasized male individualism. However, the popularity of the male individualism in the US was also the result of the traditionally positive attitude of Americans to individualism (Stanizsewski, 2009). The cult of hero is deep-rooted in the American culture and the graphic design just mirrored the trend to the popular view on the male individualism in the US.The 1960s were marked by the growing attention to the family planning and gender roles (Stanizsewski, 2009).In such a way, the graphic design mirrors the growing trend to the change of gender roles due to the emerging feminism and steady elimination of gender gaps. At the same time, the aforementioned image reveals the sense of human that have finally appeared in the graphic design in the 1960s. The change of gender roles and the humor which is present in the image show clearly that the American society has started to change, while the graphic design became the powerful tool with the help of which the change was recorded and presented in mass media. The trans formation of the US culture of the 1960s – 1970s was the result of profound changes in the US society, but the graphic design has managed to notice all those changes. This is why it is possible to trace key changes in the US society throughout time through the analysis of works of graphic designers. For instance, it is hardly possible to find implications to the change of gender roles in the pre-World War II graphic design, whereas those changes become obvious in the graphic design of the 1960s and, especially, the 1970s.Thus, the development of the graphic design in the 1960s – 1970s was marked by the increasing role of celebrities in the American culture and the wide use of celebrities in the graphic design. In this regard, Elvis Presley was one of the most influential figures of that time. He became the cultural icon, whose steep decline in the 1970s became the tragedy for millions of his fans. However, the graphic design has used the full potential of Elvis Presley as the iconic figure in the US culture. At the same time, the graphic design mirrored other profound changes that took place in the US society in that time, including the sexual revolution, changing gender roles, male individualism, and others.

Why HR Is Essential For an Organisation Assignment

Why HR Is Essential For an Organisation - Assignment Example While detailing the outline structure for the overall report, it must be mentioned that three exercises will be mainly conducted in this report. In exercise one, a comparison will be made about the different journal articles that have been duly considered in the first patch, which present information about the organisational culture. On the other hand, in exercise two, an essay will be prepared based on six articles that have been examined for patch 2. Finally, in exercise three, a case study analysis will be made based on the title â€Å"Transformation at the Global Manufacturers Group.† While responding to the questions presented in the case study provided, key challenges or problems related to HRM (Human Resource Management) and the relation persisting between such challenges and HRM theories will be discussed. Conclusively, the key learning points from the preceding discussion and further skills that require being developed by me for further development in future will also be examined. The journal titled â€Å"Organisational Culture: An Exploratory Study Comparing Faculties Perspectives within Public and Private Universities in Malaysia† was written by one of the most prominent authors in the field of organizational culture in the modern world. The study was extensively conducted with the intention of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the concept of organizational culture (OC). Furthermore, the study also tried to gain an understanding of how culture imposes a significant impact on learning through the creation of an avenue, which supports cross-learning in educational institutions throughout the globe. Moreover, the study tried to develop an understanding about the need to adopt a positive cultural practice, which possesses the ability to foster the integrity of students and studying across the private as well as public schools that would improve their interactive levels. The article primarily focused on assessing the concept of organi zational culture based upon several parameters such as adhocracy, hierarchy, and clan existing in private as well as public institutions. Furthermore, the study aimed at developing a platform for studying the differences associated with the interim of cultural practices from the perspective of faculty members (Ramachandran, 2010).

5 page in depth essay on any topic of criminal justice system of New

5 page in depth on any topic of criminal justice system of New York - Essay Example This paper will explore these and ultimately examine the relationship between incarceration and crime. The positive change in the prison statistics in the state of New York is attributed to the changes and reforms in the law enforcement policies of the state. The state has led reforms and innovations particularly in regard to the reformatory characteristic of its incarceration policy and its introduction of the modern parole. Reform was forced out of the policymakers because in the first half of 1990s, tightening revenues threaten the budget of correctional facilities and that the state correction facilities were then already overcrowded and still more prisoners are awaiting assignments. And so, one of the first acts as governor of the former Governor George Pataki was to loosen laws on minor repeat offenders in order to help decrease prison population and help ease the pressure on the correction system. (Clear, Cole and Reisig 15) Then the state legislature amended and relaxed the so-called Rockefeller Drug Laws, which made New York one of the strictest states when it came to polici ng drug offenders. Indeed, starting the latter half of the 1990s onwards, the prison commitments steadily dropped prompting the state to close some prison facilities and save millions of taxpayers’ money. The New York experience highlighted the requirement of effective prison policy – one that is characterized by a set of graduated options that can be tailored to specific situations. This led New York policymakers and criminal justice planners to one of its new policies - the use of a variety of alternative sentencing mechanisms, which include: residential community corrections; community service and alternatives to corrections; and, probation. (Mumpower and Ilchman 544) All these alternatives are considered to be less punitive and incapacitative than state prison, but in graduated degrees. Changes in law enforcement policies included the police making fewer

Corporate Social Responsibility: History, Benefits and Types

Corporate Social Responsibility: History, Benefits and Types Corporate Social Responsibilityis know by many other names. These include corporate responsibility, corporate ethics, coporate accountability and corporate citizenship just to name a few. A key point to note is that Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR has no universal definition; however, it generally refers to clear business practices with respect to ethical values, compliance with Legal requirements and respect for economic values. CSR goes beyond making profits, companies and stakeholders are responsible for their impact on people and planet. Increasingly, stake holders should expect that companies should be more responsible both socially and environmentally in their conduct of their business. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development has described CSR as the business contribution to sustainable economic development. A Brief History of Corporate Social Responsibility The history of CSR dates back many years and in one instance can even be traced back 5000 years in Ancient Mesopotamia around 1700 BC, King Hammurabi introduced a code in which builders, innkeepers orfarmers were put to death if their negligence caused the deaths of others, or major inconvenience to local citizens. In Ancient Rome senators grumbled about the failure of businesses to contribute sufficient taxes to fund their military campaigns, while in 1622 disgruntled shareholders in the Dutch East India Company started issuing pamphlets complaining about management secrecy and self enrichment. With industrialisation, the impacts of business on society and the environment assumed an entirely new dimension. The corporate paternalists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries used some of their wealth to support philanthropic ventures. By the 1920s discussions about the social responsibilities of business had evolved into what we can recognise as the beginnings of the moder n CSR movement. The phrase Corporate Social Responsibility was coined in 1953 with the publication of Bowens Social Responsibility of Businessmen (Corporate watch report, 2006). The evolution of CSR is as old as trade and business for any of corporation. Industrialization and impact of businesses on the society led to a complete new vision. By 80s and 90s CSR was taken into discussion, the first company to implement CSR was Shell in 1998. (Corporate watch report, 2006) With well informed and educated general people it has become a threat to the corporate and CSR is the solution to it. In 1990 CSR was standard in the industry with companies like Price Waterhouse Copper and KPMG. CSR evolved beyond code of conduct and reporting, eventually it started taking initiative in NGOs, multi stake holder, ethical trading. (Corporate watch report, 2006). Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility There are no generic CSR methods, each method is based on the individual firms needs and circumstances. Each method will vary in its attentiveness of CSR issues and how much work needs to be done with respect to the approach. CSR can be utilized integrated into a firms core decision making, management processes, strategy and activities, be it over a period of time or systematically. Most companies already possess policies with respect to the handling customers, community, employees and the environment. These can be perfect starting points for firm-wide CSR approaches. What follows below is a framework for the development and implementation of a CSR approach that builds on current existing policies as well as experience and knowledge of other fields, such as economic and environmental. The broad framework follows a familiar plan, do, check and improve model. This framework has been designed with the intention to be flexible so that firms would be able to mold and adapt it as appropriate for their organization. Implementation Framework When? (Conceptual phase) What? (Task delineation) How? (Checkpoints on the journey) Plan arrow 1.Conduct a CSR assessment Assemble a CSR leadership team Develop a working definition of CSR Review corporate documents, processes and activities Identify and engage key stakeholders 2. Develop a CSR strategy Build support with senior managment and employees Research what others are doing prepare a matrix of proposed CSR actions Develop ideas for proceeding and the business case for them Decide on direction, approach and focus areas Do arrow 3. Develop CSR commitments Do a scan of CSR commitments Hold discussions with major stakeholders Create a working group to develop the commitments Prepare a preliminary draft Consult with affected stakeholders 4. Implement CSR commitments Develop an integrated CSR decision-making structure Prepare and implement a CSR business plan Set measurable targets and identify performance measures Engage employees and others to whom CSR commitments apply Design and conduct CSR training Establish mechanisms for addressing problematic behaviour Create internal and external communications plans Check arrow 5. Verify and report on progress Measure and verify performance Engage stakeholders Report on performance Improve arrow 6. Evaluate and improve Evaluate performance Identify opportunities for imporvement Engage stakeholders return arrowCross-check: One cycle completed Return to plan and start the next cycle Benefits of corporate social responsibility CSR offers many benefits both externally and internally to companies. Externally, the benefits are greatly positive amongst the people for its company and their peers. It can create short term employment opportunities by taking various community projects like construction or maintenance of local parks and sporting complexes, etc. Working with keeping in view the interests of local community bring a wide range of business benefits. Businesses also have an impact on the environment. Plantation and cultivation activities taken up by many companies are highly respected programs, as well as recycling used products. This also acts as a step towards minimizing wastes. Internally, the benefit are mostly but not only felt by its employees, the attraction and retention of qualified and skilled employees as well as employee loyalty, increased productivity, quality, sales and financial improvement for all. Most importantly, it also serves as a diversion from the routine workplace practices and gives a feeling of purpose and meaning to the entire work force. Apart from this, companies also benefit from CSR in areas such as business sustainability; competitive advantage; easier compliance with regulatory requirement. CSR and BRANDS Brands are basically the identification in which a companys product is identified by the consumer. The sales and revenue of the company are widely dependent on the brand they give to their product. Here are some CSR traits that positively / negatively affect the brand Positive Marketing/ Brand Building Times of India (kalingatimes.com) Brand insurance NIKE (Corporate Social Responsibility, 2003) Crisis management- Pepsi (wikipedia.org) CSR and Globalization As companies expend through globalization, many challenges have waited for them from Government regulations to the varying standards of what is deemed to be labor exploitation, these challenges have the potential to cost companies millions of dollars. Some companies are of the view that these policies are merely a cost hindrance, while other companies use CSR tactics as a strategy to gain public support for the presence in the global market. CSR and Human resources A CSR program can be an aid to hire and retain staff particularly within the competitive graduate student market. Potential recruits often inquire about a firms CSR policy, and having a comprehensive policy can give an advantage. CSR can also add value in the perception of a company among its staff, particularly when staff can become involved through fundraising activities or community volunteering. Also CSR can be driven by employees personal values, in addition to the more obvious economic and governmental drivers. CSR and Risk Management Managing risk is a central part of many corporate strategies. No matter how hard a company tried their reputations which took decades to build up can be questioned in a matter of minutes through incidents such as corruption or environmental accidents. These can also draw unwanted attention from courts, governments and media. Building and promoting great CSR policies can sometimes offset the risks. CSR and Government Policies Government politics have tremendously shaped the regulation of businesses in several ways. First, government business policies insist that organizations operations shall bring no harm to society or the environment. Businesses shall be friendly to society and vice versa, to ensure that businesses follow these policies, the government enacts laws to monitor both the conduct and operations of a business. In addition, to these laws violators also face punishment if they are not followed. Secondly, governments provide businesses with various grants and incentives provided that they comply with those government regulations and policies. Studies show that a very high percentage of businesses have reported more benefits than expected from complying with the government policies. Finally, governments regulate businesses in the interest of protecting stakeholders and shareholders. With the absence of proper business regulation societies can be misled, manipulated and exploited, therefore the government needs to be responsible and regulate businesses in order to provide a level playing field where all business have the opportunity to operate and expand. Governmental policies have been designed and put in place to assist not only consumers both organizations as well, by protecting consumers from unfair business practices as well as protecting the organizations from public misconduct and interference. Criticisms and concerns Critics of CSR debates a number of concerns, these include CSRs relationship to the fundamental nature of business and questionable motives for engaging in CSR, including concerns about insincerity and hypocrisy. Conclusion I believe that the above problems are not inherent flaws in CSR, but rather that they result from both a disingenuous commitment to CSR on the part of many business managers as well as an uninformed public opinion on many CSR issues. It is important to expose and confront CSR abuses not so that the CSR movement could be turned back, but rather to protect the kind of CSR that genuinely promotes social advancement. Nobody would be opposed to business practices that benefit both individual firms and society at large. In an ideal world, competent managers would always conduct business in a matter that translates productive relationships into real value for society. After all, the economy is not a self-serving machine: it is a purposeful system for organizing everybodys interests in such a way that people can engage in mutually beneficial exchange. I agree with the notion espoused by CSR advocates that profits should not be the sole motivator in business decisions. Although the profit mot ive is the driving force for both firms and the macro economy, there is a point at which it degenerates into greed: breeding microeconomic ethical dilemmas that, when can collectively threaten the economys health and ought to be curbed by a proper concept of social responsibility. CSR becomes less of an outside pressure and more of a genuine business principle. It is the responsibility of an informed public to be able to separate reasonable CSR from harmful CSR. All too often, people support counter-productive initiatives out of romanticized views of social justice, environmentalism, or nationalism, not realizing that ideas are not as appealing in the real market as they may appear in the public imagination. It seems to me that a root cause of CSR abuses is a conflict of interests between firms three main stakeholders: shareholders, employees, and management. For individual managers, the best course of action may be to engage in as much CSR as possible. Managers who receive positive press for their leadership initiatives become eminent in their fields, and therefore more valuable. For this reason, managers have an intense focus on expanding companies and investing in high profile projects that earn them the publics attention, and may make uninformed decisions in the process. This differs substantially from the interests of shareholders. A shareholder is uninterested with a managers popularity but very interested with the return that the  manager is able to deliver on the shareholders investment. Unless a corporation can  justify CSR practices in very clear terms, i.e. revenue and cost, shareholders will be  unhappy with the result. Likewise, workers in a company benefit greatly from responsible CSR policies. Companies that deal honestly will build trust within their workforce. Managers that earn obscene salaries while simultaneously throwing millions of dollars into charitable causes and announcing layoff plans can only blame themselves when workers beco me more dissatisfied and less productive, or when the public places less faith in their product (consider the slow death of the American auto industry). Like shareholders, employees are unwilling to support frivolous practices that jeopardize the companys financial strength: they are most concerned about their long-term employment security, an interest that managers should take into account as well. Influence of Price on Decision Making: Research Influence of Price on Decision Making: Research Nowadays, many businesses have launched in the market. But its not easy to make appreciate for every people. Maybe, that is a reason of the customer decision. While, the student is part of purchasing power that the trader directed. Consumer behaviour is the study of how individuals make decision to spend their available resources on consumption-related item(SchiffmanKanuk, 1997). In University the product is important for the student. While, the product not cover all student because maybe the teenager choose the product follow the life style that their love. So, the product have more effected to decision purchasing with the student in teen ages. Specially, the foreign brand is trust brand that have support purchasing power by the customer. In Global setting, every product have evaluated and developed all time for customer need that is heart of competition in a commercial sale. The most people have selected the product follow several factor. So, the companies will be improving your products. Otherwise, the customers that have purchasing power can be change to other royalty brand. The better they understand the factors underlying consumer behaviour (Assael, 1998). The better able they are developing effective marketing strategies to meet consumer needs. In National setting, the several factor to make a purchase. Its reason to consider for trader to select product that sales and support. The several factor have effect to making a purchase (Scheinberg, 1992) such as marketing strategies, sex, ages, occupation, prices and also the product name have a reputation values. The last factor is important to study that why the brand name have effected to customer decision. Locally, the product names have a reputation values is the trust brand. The product that sale for student in business bachelor administration for Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi will be in trends to response their customer in this age. This study concern with the behaviour in making a purchase that Brand is what consumers purchase and product is what consumers use; this shows that branding is very important. The brand name is the trust brands that have effected to make a purchase. Present, student cant said that dont love their brand name and specially, the foreign brand is part factor to making a purchase. Even though, the trust brand has copyright infringement but the student will buy for owner that products. May be, the lower prices and closer style of real band are instead in using. Follow the plaza, student would like to view every week and someone choose to owner. While, the real trust band name from foreign in the Leading department stores have student only high purchasing power that only few percentage. All of behaviour from student in business bachelor administration for Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi is thing to study for know the reason why their choosing. Consumers make many buying decisions every day (Kotler Armstrong, 2001). Most large companys research consumer buying decisions in great detail to answer question about what consumers buy where they but, how and how much they buy, when they buy, and why they buy. 1.2 Statement of the Problem Foreign brands are expensive for students. Quality of product imitates. The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them. The personality of the customers. 1.3 Research Objective The objective of the study is to meet the answers of the problem; Foreign brands are expensive for students. Quality of product imitates. The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them. The personality of the customers. The answer to the problem is as follow: To find out how the price of foreign brand products and imitations of them influence decision making. To find out how the quality of foreign brand products and imitations of them influence decision making. To find out how the social value of foreign brand products and imitations of them influence decision making. To find out the supplement personality of foreign brand products and imitations of them influence decision making. . 1.4 Scope of research The scope of this research is the population studying at Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. This includes males and females aged 18-25 years old of 11 different faculties totalling approximately 24,053 people. (http://www.oreg.rmutt.ac.th/SKOStdCourse/2552/report%203-2.asp) The sample in this study was students from the faculty of Business Administration, University of Technology Rajamangala Thanyaburi. This faculty has seven branches including both men and women aged 19-25 years who make a purchases by themselves; a total of 6,299 people. The variables studied: Independent variables are students gender, age, department of study and the year of study. Dependent variable is the attitude toward buying foreign brand products (price, quality, brand names and value.) 1.5 Limitations of the Research We acquired this information by sending questionnaires to students at Rajamangala University of Technology Thunyaburi; this includes both men and women. One of the limitations of this study is, if a sample of students does not send the questionnaire back to the researcher, or if they send it back incomplete. Another limitation is the amount of time we have is to send the survey to the students, receive the information and calculate the received information. 1.6 Significance of the study This research is a study of factors that influence behaviour of students (of business administration at Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi) when buying product imitated foreign brands. The findings of this study will help those interested in doing business foreign or interested in operating foreign brands companies by determining marketing strategies to suit the needs of target customers. 1.7 Definition of Terms Foreign brands are expensive for students. The students will receive the money from their parent. So, they dont have money to buy foreign brands product. Quality of product imitates. Continually, imitates products quality have very good quality compare to foreign brand products, so there is a choice for students who has limited their money and want to use same brand but good quality. The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them. Following the student social in university, the students want to be in trend of fashion for concept from their friends. The personality of the customers. Some students, they dont have confident in themselves. So, the students will use the product from foreign brands to help them have more confident. CHAPTER II Review of related literature and studies 2.1 Definition and Features of the Independent Variable In this chapter, discusses the title of research. Because this research is relevant to consumers: students of business administration at Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. So, need to know the meaning of consumer behaviour on buying for study factors affecting the decision of the students. Consumer behaviour is the study of how individuals make decision to spend their available resources on consumption-related item. It includes the study of what they buy, why they buy it, when they buy it, where they buy it, how often they buy it, and how often they use it (Schiffman Kanuk, 1997). The aim of marketing is to meet and satisfy target customers needs and want. The field of consumer behaviour studies how consumer select, buy, use, and dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (Kotler, 2003). Marketers have come to realize that their effectiveness in meeting consumer needs directly influences their profitability. The better they understand the factors underlying consumer behaviour. The better able they are developing effective marketing strategies to meet consumer needs (Assael, 1998). Consumers make many buying decisions every day. Most large companys research consumer buying decisions in great detail to answer question about what consumers buy where they but, how and how much they buy, when they buy, and why they buy (KotlerArmstrong, 2001). Possibly the most challenging concept in marketing deals with understanding why buyers do what they do. But such knowledge is critical for marketers since having a strong understanding of buyer behaviour will on what is important to the consumer and also suggest the important influences on consumer decision-making. Using this information, marketers can create marketing programs that they believe will be of interest to consumers (Kanhasiri, 2006) In addition to this, also need to know meaning of the word imitate foreign brands. Imitate foreign brands means the product copy as products of a foreign brand. Popular products make copy are bags, watches, clothes, and shoes. The imitate foreign brands products that we know and see often in everywhere are Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Nike, Christian Dior, Gucci and etc (Kanhasiri, 2006 ). 2.2 Theories Related to the Independent Variable (s) 2.2.1 Foreign brands are expensive for students. Prices, product differentiation and quality measurement: a comparison between hedonic and matched model methods studied by Gian Maria Tomat (2005); related contributions to Pakes, Berry and Levinsohn (1993) and Nevo (2003) consider the problem of making exact welfare comparisons on the basis of the estimated parameters of consumer preferences in a discrete choice model. This approach has been used in these works to study problems such as the effect on consumer welfare of changes in environmental regulation or of the introduction of a new brand of a product. Specifying the consumers choice problem in the space of product characteristics, simplifies the analysis in comparison with analogous problems studied on the grounds of traditional demand theory, as is done for example in works by Hausman. However, the results of the prices, product differentiation and quality measurement: a comparison between hedonic and matched model methods studies show that the approach can at most generate up per and lower bounds to the true price indexes and the empirical evidence shows that these bounds are usually quite wide. 2.2.2 Quality of product imitates. From Quantity-Discount Dependent Consumer Preferences and Competitive Non-linear Pricing studied by Z. Jane Gu and Sha Yang (2009); they investigated the quantity-discount effect, a type of transaction utility consumers derived from the unit price difference between a small and a large package size of the same product in a non-linear pricing environment. Consumers may perceive quantity discounts as gains for purchasing larger package sizes with lower unit prices, or as losses for purchasing smaller package sizes with higher unit prices. In addition, consumers may differ in their tendencies to perceive quantity discounts as gains or losses. 2.2.3 The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them. Post-Materialism as a Cultural Factor Influencing Entrepreneurial Activity across Nations studied by Lorraine M. Uhlaner, Roy Thurik and Jan Hutjes(2002); the underlying premise of this research study is that the material gains that are central or crucial to entrepreneurial activity are of less value to post-materialist individuals. The Research by McGrath, MacMillan and Scheinberg (1992) shows that individual entrepreneurs from a wide variety of countries are more likely to have materialistic values; such as viewing success as making lots of money, than their non-entrepreneur counterparts. However, they do not test for country differences. Blais and Toulouse (1998) made such comparisons and conclude that entrepreneurs across countries tend to have similar motivations. In another studied of individual entrepreneurs Robichaud, McGraw and Roger (2001) find a positive correlation between extrinsic motivation of the entrepreneur and sales performance whereas they find negative relationsh ips between the independent variables, intrinsic motivation and autonomy and independence on the one hand and the dependent variable, sales performance, on the other. These findings are interesting because at the micro-level they correspond to the thesis that entrepreneurs, especially successful ones, are more materialistic than their counterparts. Lacking comparable research at the macro level of analysis, we can only draw on these studies for our hypotheses. In particular, assuming that trends from the micro level can be aggregated to the societal level, we predict that the relationship between post-materialism and entrepreneurship is also negative, i.e., the less materialistic the culture, the fewer people choose to become self-employed. The central hypothesis of the present paper then reads: The more post-materialistic the culture, the lower the overall level of entrepreneurship. 2.2.4 The personality of the customers. Consumer Assessment of Social Product Features: An Empirical Investigation Using Choice Experiments by Pat Auger, Timothy M. Devinney and Jordan J. Louviere studied the growing importance of this topic can be seen in the current movement toward social accountability audits (Economist 1999), and the increasing amounts of money that corporations spend to fix systems under pressure from increasingly sophisticated interest groups. Their research is relevant to this issue because it shows that although consumers do not understand the ethical dimensions of the products they purchase, their purchases can be influenced by these dimensions if properly presented. From a managerial perspective, more work needs to be done on educating consumers to the hidden ethical nature of the products they purchase. Corporations also need to understand which customers care about ethical dimensions and what dimensions they care about. However, our results also suggest that consumers wont sacrifice product per formance for ethical considerations in spite of what activists might hope. 2.3 Critical Analysis/Discussion of the Theories Related to the Independent Variable Motivation Theory 2.3.1 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs; (Abraham Maslow,1908-1970) Abraham Maslow was a psychologist. He developed a theory called the Hierarchy of Needs. This hierarchy referred to the various needs that he believed characterised humans. He identified five main human needs. These are: Physiological needs These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need water, air, food and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met. Security Needs These include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighborhoods and shelter from the environment. Social Needs These include needs for belonging, love and affection. Maslow considered these needs to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as involvement in social, community or religious groups. Esteem Needs After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment. Self-actualizing Needs This is the highest level of Maslows hierarchy of needs.  Self-actualizing  people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. Figure 1 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Maslow suggested that the first need dominates a persons behavior until it is satisfied, and then the second, and so on. A learner would not be interested in learning, need 5, until needs 3 or 4; belonging and being esteemed by others had been satisfied. Nor indeed, would they be interested in learning until they were warm, and replete. A light, airy, warm, comfortable safe learning environment, adequate comfort breaks and realistic timings can help to facilitate these conditions. An awareness of, and proactive approach to, group dynamics will also help to satisfy (or at least not de-satisfy) some of the affiliation and esteem needs. (Abraham Maslow, 1908-1970) (Source:http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Maslows_Needs_Hierarchy.html) 2.3.2 Clayton Alderfers ERG Theory; (Clayton Alderfer, 1969) An attempt to simplify Maslows needs theory was put forward by psychologist Clayton Alderfer with his ERG theory. Both theories see needs as the motivating force behind behaviour. People are motivated to do things by different needs, of which Alderfer identified three: Existence Needs Include all material and physiological desires (e.g., food, water, air, clothing, safety, physical love and affection) Maslows first two levels. Relatedness Needs Encompass social and external esteem; relationships with significant others like family, friends, co-workers and employers. This also means to be recognized and feel secure as part of a group or family. Maslows third and fourth levels. Growth Needs Internal esteem and self actualization; these impel a person to make creative or productive effects on himself and the environment (e.g., to progress toward ones ideal self). Maslows fourth and fifth levels. This includes desires to be creative and productive, and to complete meaningful tasks. Figure 2 Clayton Alderfers ERG Theory Alderfer argued that it was possible to move in either direction. This means that, if growth needs become difficult or impossible to meet, frustration regression occurs, causing individuals to concentrate on fulfilling their relatedness and their existence needs. Unsatisfied needs, therefore, become less rather than more important. Maslow proposed the opposite. In this study the researchers used two theories are Maslows Theory (Maslows hierarchy of needs) and Clayton Alderfers ERG Theory are main formulated in this study (Clayton Alderfer, 1969). (Source: http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/ERG_Theory.html) 2.4 Discussion of the Dependent Variable The price of products have effected to making decision. In addition, Arthur Rafael (2002) found When the new product launches and better quality also this product will be compared to increase price. While, Aart Jaume (2000) said that When the products have high demand so the products prices that will be increase on demand also Ray (2002) found Business will find the ways to avoid the problem to improve the popular product and harder to imitate for decrease their risk as a result Amine, Taimur Joseph (2007) supported Vendors will be developing price products to get the popularity may be the consumers using pirated goods in fact Gian (2006) said that The price is appropriate adjustments so the product will be popular Increasing then Xavier Giround (2008) found The quality prices will be changed follow the quality products in the past Laszlo Miklos (2004) stated The import product price will be rise follow depend on the technology and competitive environment of the buyer. On the other hand, Joanna (2006) found The analysis of price convergence to the consumer market is examined on aggregate and disaggregates levels although Peter, Judith Anil (2002) stated The decision purchas e of consumer will depend on price by the lower price also the purchasing power that so rise. Finally, Emek (2005) supported The quantity the price of a low-cost have more effected to consumer decision. The quality of product imitates have effected to making decision when, Wong Zhou (2005) found perceived value has a greater effect on purchase intention for conspicuous foreign products While, Heflin, Shaw Wild found The liquidity of equity markets depends on quality information and Faruq (2006) found RD activities and FDI inflows are important determinants of quality then Sharma found The brand must be relevant to a latent need of the consumer but Jin Leslie (2002) found Providing people with better information causes people to change their purchase decisions and causes à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rms to modify their behaviour while Orosel Zauner (2003) found goods quality is unobservable to buyers, a continuum of quality levels is technologically feasible, and minimum quality is supplied under competitive conditions although Koppius Heck(2002) found Electronic auctions have rapidly incr eased in popularity, but the consequences of switching to an electronic auction are unclear Moreover Borin Lamieri (2008) found empirical studies over clear evidence on the increasing importance of intra-industry trade in presence of vertically deferential products however Matsa (2009) found Product quality is an important element of competition in a wide range of markets, including the supermarket industry in addition Bertini, Wathieu Iyengar (2010) found parsimony and simplicity in consumption is necessarily advantageous across all categories of business The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them have effected to making decision then, Mehrotra (1919) found collect various technical information about managing your tax affairs and mergers and acquisitions, tax law and the special rights or intellectual property rights and the idea of the American company. Each other based on principles of law and political economy of the country. while Closius (1995) said that the termination of the movement of certain groups of people in America with a change to the political policy of national unification and the creation of justice to occur and create social awareness to the public more than ever Moreover Kyvelidis (2001) stated that Measure currents in the Black Socialist materialism may be obtained from the GDP of each country, which evaluates the value per head was increased from the current popularity with the increasing materialism. After that Anderson (2001) has found that satisfaction in materialism is one of the psychological problems that make people in society are trying to do everything to get it occupied, such as car, house and fashion. And Boven (2005) study that most people want to live well and happily in every person and found that materialism, such as the car home fashion is important to create happiness for them very good. However, Uhlaner, Thurik, Hutjes (2002) supports that found that entrepreneurs across countries tend to find a way to trade against the competition in trade and create stability for themselves as to dominate the growing market and found that many of the cultural factors and materialism of the people affected. In addition Fuchs said that the theories of cultural objects are important factors correlated with the values of people in society. Therefore Sarkar(1996) found the role of men is to purchase goods and Research indicates that attitudes in the possession of materialism rather than value of the object with the purchase of such products used in life Which led to satisfaction and success of many people. As a result of Kroh (2008) discovered that the role of the purchases is likely to change the price level and economic security but Boven, Campbell Gilovich(2005) the study found that current flow in the materialism in society more selfish, selfish private interests over public. The personality of the customers have effected to making decision when, Devinney Louviere (1986) study that of interpersonal psychology, ethics and personality have been shown correlated with the number of complex social problems. While Rajagopol (1986) found that of the model to measure the performance of brands and attitudes, including personalities, image, reputation and trust. But Balaji a Raghavan (1970) discovered that Cultures and different image for the product of themes related to technology and brand reputation. Therefore Pandey (1968) found that Experiment designed to examine the role and relevance of the personality of the person. Found that the advertisement or communication program plays an important role in the perception of brand personality although Bartholomew Horowitz (1994) study that Changes in market and competition has reduced the cost of marketing and new product introductions, including the risk of failure of the product. Thus Sharma (1997) supports that w e also found that consumer ratings of management performance in the context of consumer retail low but Zhenzhong Ma (1970) found that Aims to create understanding about the local brand can survive. In fact Mckenzie Woodruff (1964) study that present the basic concepts for exploring the relationship between personality and patterns of conflict behavior and business negotiations. Then Koufopoulos (1999) stated that Product innovation. Personality and affect a very important opportunity to entrepreneurs to innovate. Finally, Kanhasiri (1990) found that Products and measure the relationship between the feature comparison in the future. Quantitative methods of analysis and means of collecting data, frequency analysis of research and planning data in line charts and bar graphs and suggestions for future research will take effect to competitors with better customer loyalty. 2.5 Relationship of the Independent Variable (s) to the Dependent Variable Arthur Rafael (2002) found When the new product launches and better quality also this product will be compared to increase price. Although many business office products are brand name copyright infringement very seriously and prohibit all research and product development at the time out to study consumer satisfaction, with the updates of new products out of the market demand. But still have other business products illegally copied out widely. Consumers like the products that they are cheaper and look like the real. While, Aart Jaume (2000) said that When the products have high demand so the products prices that will be increase on demand Cheap is increasing on demand. Many consumers decided to buy imitation products backpack instead of the genuine product is expensive. Also Ray (2002) found Business will find the ways to avoid the problem to improve the popular product and harder to imitate for decrease their risk The quality of product imitates have effected to making decision when, Wong Zhou (2005) found perceived value has a greater effect on purchase intention for conspicuous foreign products and Faruq (2006) found RD activities and FDI inflows are important determinants of quality The Company that manufacture high quality products to the market are disclosed information to consumers less known because those are important to the company and the liquidity of the market. The company has disclosed only basic information only. Countries are exporters of quality differences. This is the result of differences in factors such as endowment, technology, research and development (RD). While, Heflin, Shaw Wild found The liquidity of equity markets depends on quality information The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them have effected to making decision then, Anderson (2001) has found that satisfaction in materialism is one of the psychological problems that make people in society are trying to do everything to get it occupied, such as car, house and fashion. And Boven (2005) study that most people want to live well and happily in every person and found that materialism, such as the car home fashion is important to create happiness for them very good. The materialism is satisfied from the hearts of individual values resulting psychological advantage over the other now, value of the crop cover materialism has resulted in increasing attitude of buying commercial end epicurean and often not satisfied with the simple life and different people require a comfortable life. Although materialism has a negative effect, but many people will want to own it like a big house, luxury cars, expen sive clothes , beautiful furniture and other. Because human needs are infinite, they seek what they want to come and have a genuine product if the price is too high, making them purchases commercial grade copy. Although it is copied, it can substitute the same name that looks realistic and cheaper it is one reason consumers purchase decision without regard to copyright infringement laws. The personality of the customers have effected to making decision when Devinney Louviere (1986) study that of interpersonal psychology, ethics and personality have been shown correlated with the number of complex social problems. While Rajagopol(1986) found that of the model to measure the performance of brands and attitudes, including personalities, image, reputation and trust. But Balaji a Raghavan (1970) discovered that Cultures and different image for the product of themes related to technology and brand reputation. Therefore Pandey (1968) found that Experiment designed to examine the role and relevance of the personality of the person. Found that the advertisement or communication program plays an important role in the perception of brand personality The cultural and social including kick similar picture with Bush. This is sometimes the product to the personality of our products or we like it because it is often too expensive brand, so many people chose to be turned to imitate instead of the actual product. 2.6 Previous Studies There are 4 standards section; Introduction background The brand name is the trust brand that have effected to making a purchase from student at RMUTT. Now, the student say love brand name. According to Schiffman Kanuk (1997) Consumer behaviour is the study of how individuals make decision to spend and choose this things. When, notice the students that show their use accessories brand name. This is normal happen now but its not fair in their suppliers that think and make it for sale. While, the real trust band name from overseas in the Leading department stores have student only high purchasing power that only few percentage. Behaviour from student in business bachelor administration for Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi is thing to study for know the reason why their choosing. Methods The methods to study behavior of student at RMUTT such as notice, questionnaires, and bring the theory that related to concerning study with case study. Result Now days, Counterfeiting is so much. In a view of supplier, the so called product piracy can be only roughly outlined. The Experts and everyone, who well know that product piracy: trade mark rights in a commercial as trust global brands have effect to Counterfeiting and Criminal way. Such as the actions of someone that who only thing for make a benefit to yourself as The aim of marketing is to meet and satisfy target customers needs (Kotler, 2003). While, who would like to be owner of the trust brands product. That all said that

Evaluating Mintzs Sweetness and Power :: Sugar Sweet Tooth Foods Essays

Evaluating Mintz's Sweetness and Power Why would anyone feel the need to write an entire book on such a mundane topic such as sugar? Look around at some food products you might have and you will realize that many if not all of them contain sugar in some form or another. For example, a can of soda, which most people drink everyday, contains (depending on the brand) approximately 40 grams of sugars. Look further and you might find that even things such as cheese or chips or soup contain several grams of sugar in them. The wide diversification of products that contain sugar just goes to show you how widespread the use of sugar really is. This fact alone could be enough to convince someone to create a book solely about sugar. One passage that Mintz quotes on page 15 that really seems to capture our (Westerners) infatuation with sugar, and a strong reason the book at hand is as follows: Western peoples consume enormous per capita quantities of refined sugar because, to most people, very sweet foods taste very good. The existence of the human sweet tooth can be explained, ultimately, as an adaptation of ancestral populations to favor the ripest-and hence the sweetest-fruit. In other words, the selective pressures of times past are most strikingly revealed by the artificial, supernormal stimulus of refined sugar, despite the evidence that eating refined sugar is maladaptive. With such an obsession with sweet foods, there is an obvious desire for an explanation of how such a once unknown substance took center stage on everybody's snack, dessert, and candy list. That's where Sidney W. Mintz comes into play. He decided to write this book Sweetness and Power, and from the looks of all the sources he used to substantiate his ideas and data, it seems that he is not the first person to find the role that sugar plays in modern society important. By analyzing who Mintz's audience is meant to be, what goals he has in writing this book, what structure his book incorporates, what type, or types, of history he represents within the book, what kind of sources he uses, and what important information and conclusions he presents, we can come to better understand Mintz's views and research of the role of sugar in history, and how much it really affects our lives as we know them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin to understand and evaluate Mintz's Sweetness and Power, one must first understand who his book is aimed toward, in other words, his audience.

Narrative Technique of Sula Essay

Although Sula is arranged in chronological order, it does not construct a linear story with the causes of each new plot event clearly visible in the preceding chapter. Instead, Sula uses â€Å"juxtaposition,† the technique through which collages are put together. The effects of a collage on the viewer depend on unusual combinations of pictures, or on unusual arrangements such as overlapping. The pictures of a collage don’t fit smoothly together, yet they create a unified effect. The â€Å"pictures† of Sula’s collage are separate events or character sketches. Together, they show the friendship of Nel and Sula as part of the many complicated, overlapping relationships that make up the Bottom. Morrison presents the novel from the perspective of an omniscient narrator — one who knows all the characters’ thoughts and feelings. An omniscient narrator usually puts the reader in the position of someone viewing a conventional portrait or landscape rather than a collage. (In such situations, the viewer can perceive the unity of the whole work with only a glance.) To create the collage-like effect of Sula, the omniscient narrator never reveals the thoughts of all the characters at one time. Instead, from chapter to chapter, she chooses a different point-of-view character, so that a different person’s consciousness and experience dominate a particular incident or section. In addition, the narrator sometimes moves beyond the consciousness of single, individual characters, to reveal what groups in the community think and feel. On the rare occasions when it agrees unanimously, she presents the united community’s view. As in The Bluest Eye and Jazz, the comm unity has such a direct impact on individuals that it amounts to a character. In narrative technique for Sula, Morrison draws on a specifically modernist usage of juxtaposition. Modernism, discussed in Chapter 3, was the dominant literary movement during the first half of the twentieth century. Writers of this period abandoned the unifying, omniscient narrator of earlier literature to make literature more like life, in which each of us has to make our own sense of the world. Rather than passively receiving a smooth, connected story from an authoritative narrator, the reader is forced to piece together a coherent plot and meaning from more separated pieces of  information. Modernists experimented with many literary genres. For example, T. S. Eliot created his influential poem The Wasteland by juxtaposing quotations from other literary works and songs, interspersed with fragmentary narratives of original stories. Fiction uses an analogous technique of juxtaposition. Each successive chapter of William Faulkner novel As I Lay Dying, for instance, drops the reader into a different character’s consciousness without the direction or help of an omniscient narrator. To figure out the plot, the reader must work through the perceptions of characters who range from a seven-year-old boy to a madman. The abrupt, disturbing shifts from one consciousness to another are an intended part of the reader’s experience. As with all literary techniques, juxtaposition is used to communicate particular themes. In Cane, a work that defies our usual definitions of literary genres, Jean Toomer juxtaposed poetry and brief prose sketches. In this way, Cane establishes its thematic contrast of rural black culture in the South and urban black culture of the North. Morrison, who wrote her master’s thesis on two modernists, Faulkner and Virginia Woolf, uses juxtaposition as a structuring device in Sula. Though relatively short for a novel, Sula has an unusually large number of chapters, eleven. This division into small pieces creates an intended choppiness, the uncomfortable sense of frequently stopping and starting. The content of the chapters accentuates this choppy rhythm. Almost every chapter shifts the focus from the story of the preceding chapter by changing the point-of-view character or introducing sudden, shocking events and delaying discussion of the characters’ motives until later. In â€Å"1921,† for example, Eva douses her son Plum with kerosene and burns him to death. Although the reader knows that Plum has become a heroin addict, Eva’s reasoning is not revealed. When Hannah, naturally assuming that Eva doesn’t know of Plum’s danger, tells her that Plum is burning, the chapter ends with Eva’s almost nonchalant â€Å"Is? My baby? Burning?† (48). Not until midway through the next chapter, â€Å"1923,† does Hannah’s questioning allow the reader to understand Eva’s motivation. Juxtaposition thus heightens the reader’s sense of incompleteness. Instead of providing quick resolution, juxtaposition  introduces new and equally disturbing events. Paradoxically, when an occasional chapter does contain a single story apparently complete in itself, it too contributes to the novel’s overall choppy rhythm. In a novel using a simple, chronological mode of narration, each succeeding chapter would pick up where the last one left off, with the main characters now involved in a different incident, but in some clear way affected by their previous experience. In Sula, however, some characters figure prominently in one chapter and then fade entirely into the background. The first chapter centers on Shadrack, and although he appears twice more and has considerable psychic importance to Sula and symbolic importance to the novel, he is not an important actor again. In similar fashion, Helene Wright is the controlling presence of the third chapter, â€Å"1920,† but barely appears in the rest of the book. These shifts are more unsettling than if Shadrack and Helene were ancestors of the other characters, generations removed, because the reader would then expect them to disappear. Their initial prominence and later shadowy presence contribute to the reader’s feeling of disruption. The choppy narration of Sula expresses one of its major themes, the fragmentation of both individuals and the community. Sula. New York: Knopf, 1973. Rpt. New York: Penguin, 1982